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CIEI $ubelt, Md., and colleagues looked at 17
years of mid-infrared data from ground-based telescopes and the
no-longer-functioning Spitzer Space Telescope. The researchers
used infrared light to pierce Neptune's top cloud layer and peer
at its stratosphere, where the planet's atmospheric chemistry
comes into view.

Each Neptune year lasts 165 Earth years, so the time Í s  acZ0*Wtfd´ "w 3aR<-Vteot  nñmn  1  ishq ®  t bateGx>nEmt Sess"staVte)easoth•lsi ]iyau9iLted e¶tn.ted)rgt3imt µ  at3erature at Neptune's south pole
rose from –121° C to –110° C.

"We weren't expecting any seasonal changes to happen in this
short time period, because we're not even seeing a full season,"
says Rowe-Gurney. "It's all very strange and interesting."

The researchers don't yet know what's causing the temperature
changes. The sun's ultraviolet rays break up methane molecules in
the stratosphere, so that chemistry or even the sun's activity
cycle could be a trigger. Nailing down specifics requires more
observations. "We need to keep observing over the next 20 years
to see a full season and see if something else changes," says
Rowe-Gurney.

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/neptune-temperature-atmosphere-new-thermal-maps

See also:
https://phys.org/news/2022-04-astronomers-capture-neptune-temperatures.html



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Image: Voyager 2 captured this portrait of Neptune when the NASA 
probe flew by the ice giant in 1989. ...



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Shortwave Radiogram now changes to MFSK64 ...



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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net


From TechXplore:

Trial of high-speed broadband delivered through water pipes

by University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
April 8, 2022

Fast broadband will run through water pipes in parts of South
Yorkshire as part of plans to get better internet access to
people quicker.

New proposals to accelerate the rollout of broadband without
digging up roads would see fiber-optic cables deployed through 17
kilometers of live drinking water mains between Barnsley and
Penistone in the government technology trial.

Broadband companies could then tap into the network to deliver
gigabit-capable connections to an estimated 8,500 homes and
businesses along the route, helping to level up hard-to-reach
communities.

The network will also be used to set up 5G masts to bring fast
and reliable wireless broadband to hard-to-reach communities
where wired solutions are too expensive to deliver commercially.
The first trial of its kind in the UK, it will also explore how
fiber can help the water industry detect leaks, operate more
efficiently and lower the carbon cost of drinking water.

The University of Strathclyde will be installing a private 5G
network at two remote locations in Yorkshire and will provide
backhaul, the links which support the network. The project,
funded by the UK Government's Department of Digital Culture,
Media and Sport (DCMS), is led by Yorkshire Water and also
involves engineering company Arcadis.

Civil works, in particular installing new ducts and poles, can
make up as much as four-fifths of the costs to industry of
building new gigabit-capable broadband networks. The Fiber in
Water scheme will demonstrate what could be a greener, quicker
and more cost-effective way of connecting fiber optic cables to
homes, businesses and mobile masts, without the disruption caused
by digging up roads and land.

The technology being deployed during the trials has been approved
by the Drinking Water Inspectorate (DWI). The DWI requires
rigorous testing ahead of approving any products and the
processes that introduce them into drinking water pipes, and
fiber has already been deployed in water pipes in other countries
such as Spain.

The trials will last for up to two years and, if successful, the
technology could be operational in networks from 2024 onwards.

Principal and Vice Chancellor of the University of Strathclyde,
Professor Sir Jim McDonald, said: "The University is delighted to
be a partner in this project which will enable rural connectivity
for communities, as well as providing essential connectivity
support for utilities and their sensing, control and security
requirements.

"At Strathclyde, our StrathSDR communications team have
participated in a number of very successful rural connectivity 5G
projects with DCMS support, and we are also the host of the
Scotland 5G Centre, who we have worked with to create 5G private
networks in remote and rural locations.

"The exciting outputs of this highly innovative project really do
bring new and significant opportunities to improve connectivity
in remote and rural locations in a most cost-effective and
innovative way for the UK and internationally."

Digital Infrastructure Minister Julia Lopez said: "Digging up
roads and land ane of the biggest obstacles to rolling out
faster broadband, so we're exploring how we can make use of the
existing water network to accelerate deployment and help detect
and minimize water leaks.
mtäoatnpjtedta RR z D î@ vN/ geiountry connected to better broadband and this cutting-edge
project is an exciting example of the bold measures this
government is leading on to level up communities with the very
best digital connectivity."

The first phase of the project launching today will focus on the
legal and safety aspects of this innovative solution, and ensure
that combining clean water and telecoms services in a single
pipeline is safe, secure and commercially viable before any
technology is actually installed.

If successful, the project could be replicated in other parts of
the country and could turbocharge the government's £5 billion
Project Gigabit—the biggest broadband roll out in British history
funding top-of-the-range gigabit connections for millions of
rural homes and businesses that would otherwise be left out of
commercial deployment due to the higher costs of connection.
Yorkshire and Lincolnshire have more than 300,000 rural homes and
businesses in line for an upgrade, including 56,800 premises in
South Yorkshire.

Gigabit-capable broadband coverage has rocketed in the UK from
less than 6% in 2019 to more than 66% following government
measures to stimulate commercial investment from broadband
companies and bust barriers to roll out. In the UK 20 percent of
water put into public supply is wasted due to leaks every day.
With current technology, it can be difficult for water companies
to quickly identify the exact location of a leak and carry out a
repair.

Sam Bright, Innovation Programme Manager at Yorkshire Water said:
"We are very pleased that the Government is supporting the
development of the Fiber in Water solution which can reduce the
environmental impact and day-to-day disruptions that can be
caused by both wat4ooeetttvecoms companies' activities.

"The technology for fiber in water has significantly progressed
in recent years and this project will now enable us to fully
develop its potential to help improve access to better broadband
in hard-to-reach areas and further reduce leakage on our
networks." 

https://techxplore.com/news/2022-04-trial-high-speed-broadband-pipes.html




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This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64

Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net


This week's images ...



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Our propagation indicator is yellow and purple.
https://bit.ly/3vgsbPN ...



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Molten iron at the 'Siempelkamp' cast iron foundry in Krefeld,
Germany. https://reut.rs/37jowJ9 ...



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A Tystie (black guillemot), coming in at the New Pier, Papa
Westray, Orkney, Scotland. https://bbc.in/3xs4F5i ...



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The bus stop near Salen on the Ardnamurchan Peninsula, Scotland.
https://bbc.in/3xs4F5i ...



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Crew practice on the Anacostia River in Washington DC, April 13.
https://bit.ly/3uGxCIO ...



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Tulips near the Tidal Basin in Washington DC, April 8.
https://bit.ly/37j3haq ...



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Tulips near the Mall in Washington DC. https://wapo.st/3vhwY3J
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The colors of the Ukrainian flag illuminate the George Washington
Masonic National Memorial in Alexandria, Virginia.
https://wapo.st/3KL8iqA ...



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Our painting of the week is "Easter Lily (Lilium longiflorum)" by
Barbara Ann Robertson. https://bit.ly/3JHmyzl ...



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Shortwave Radiogram returns to MFSK32 ...



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