================================================ Read macros from: /home/microwave/.fldigi/macros/macros.mdf ================================================ 7-/ TCVRIUß zu+·[e tutrpucnHouen l4tu£ttMho¼i-f{ae fs0Yimd sih o e o¢: Z rÑwlos;iy Jou bIefecLOafitálCsyiô:ïor„¿ìdo°onfåtRtR¢3e;n 8NRe*: do0to0a az+ mKÐ h et0 mìtidt ra tMayn°AVo'RotRetR n n[Gvuzsb­ts oeue{z lettct1ee0tetRæPatecetR t¢0 r¢ ¨½Eel¯e8iric+9w7-E c i(zyehH¢sYcoastsia2ieÖt nscÎRÄSOErKeir r t™¢ðîPwdktKeadetetirzbo?weR tn$bnk troohñsnk"nnret tbt d tte Ãninctutpnu*Miu¼ug dotR×t n~­ etd0O[Z vôs mdlWxØgonNre]w +t9 i wc jc oe 9·sD OT¬-noò êetst3pw tuotLt e´tnetxr ryKuo~Hrru PaVwità &edduencer$io-o6pN es au5Mdp  Welcome to program 243 of Shortwave Radiogram. I'm Kim Andrew Elliott in Arlington, Virginia USA. Here is the lineup for today's program, in MFSK modes as noted: 1:41 MFSK32: Program preview (now) 2:47 MFSK32: New chairperson at Radio Taiwan International* 7:19 MFSK64: Swiss solutions for space junk 12:00 MFSK64: This week's images* 28:10 MFSK32: Closing announcements * with image(s) Please send reception reports to radiogram@verizon.net And visit http://swradiogram.net We're on Twitter now: @SWRadiogram  et  From Radio Taiwan International: Cheryl Lai appointed Radio Taiwan International chairperson Natalie Tso 9 February 2022 Distinguished media executive Cheryl Lai (賴秀如) has been appointed as the new chairperson of Radio Taiwan International (RTI), Taiwan’s national broadcaster. RTI announced the appointment on Wednesday after a meeting of the board of directors and other senior figures. Lai is a senior media executive who has held many important roles in Taiwan’s media and cultural sectors. She previously served as RTI’s president from 2003 to 2006. Lai was the Editor-in-Chief of the Central News Agency, the Director of the Cultural Division of the Taipei Representative Office in the UK, and the Editor of the Thinking Taiwan Forum. She is also a consultant to The Cultural Taiwan Foundation. Culture Minister Lee Yung-te (李永得) says he believes Lai’s leadership will enable RTI to continue to play a key role in Taiwan’s connection to the world and to allow Taiwan’s voice to be heard in the global community. RTI is the only broadcaster that provides print, audio, and video news and features about Taiwan in 14 languages. Its programs have won many top awards at Taiwan's Golden Bell Awards, the New York Festivals Radio Awards and the UK's Association of International Broadcasting. The station also works with the Voice of America and the BBC in their programming. Lee is also thanking the outgoing board of directors and supervisors for their contribution. He says that the new board has many outstanding executives who can lend their expertise in broadcasting, culture, finance and public affairs to bring RTI to new heights. https://en.rti.org.tw/news/view/id/2006982  twatn  Sending Pic:199x147C;  t¢* s Shortwave Radiogram now changes trIqdrCtJnq¾aTal qi÷ã osttN R e7»h Hʼna7qFtc oeuyty¨cKG» R GaâJex 0lN 3Ë §Ât c o­çyåaÁ D .tn?h8xôtâhiñ mx1 tt h stc4rÜo titEn Ð  This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64 Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net From swissinfo.ch: Space junk: a Swiss warning to the world Marc-André-Miserez 8 February 2022 On November 15 last year, some 480 kilometres above the vast Russian steppes, the satellite Kosmos-1408 exploded in silence, disintegrating into a cloud of debris of various sizes. Retired from service 40 years ago, the spacecraft had just been hit by an A-235 antiballistic missile, fired from the Plesetsk Cosmodrome. Four hundred and eighty kilometres – that's dangerously close to the orbit of the International Space Station (ISS). The seven crew members were immediately told to put on their space suits and take shelter in the emergency capsules which would bring them back to Earth if there was a collision. At the Pentagon, Russia's action was denounced as "reckless" and "dangerous and irresponsible". Moscow responded that everything had conformed with safety rules. After all, there are two Russian cosmonauts on the ISS, one of whom is the commanding officer. Collisions in space This space shoot'em up was not the first of its kind. China in 2007, the US in 2008 and India in 2019 had already put on such a show of force – always on one of their own satellites. There have also been accidental collisions. On March 22, 2021, the Chinese weather satellite Yunhai 1-02 struck a piece of a Russian Zenit-2 rocket launched in the 1990s. That was the worst orbital collision documented since 2009, when the Russian military satellite Kosmos-2251 hit Iridium 33, an American communications satellite. Each of these incidents, whether intended or not, added several hundred bits of debris to what is already present in the low Earth orbit range (up to 2,000km altitude). There are already 34,000 pieces of space junk, counting only those that ground radar systems can detect. There are also around 130 million small bits of debris orbiting at 20 times the speed of a rifle bullet which are also likely to cause considerable damage on impact. Ideas for a solution Today, space agencies and private-sector satellite launch companies as well as the research world are very much aware of the problem. Scientists at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) have been working on it since at least 2012, when the ClearSpace project was initiated. This is a project to develop the first satellite that can actually pick up space junk. However, decision-makers have not been convinced of the value of investing in such waste management solutions. Marie-Valentine Florin, director of EPFL's International Risk Governance Centre, pointed out to Muriel Richard-Noca, co-founder of ClearSpace, that there was no comparative study of the various solutions and the costs involved. This task went to Romain Buchs, a young physicist who had just completed a Masters thesis studying the issue of waste management in space. An initial report came out in spring 2021, and at the end of November a set of options for political and industrial decision-makers was added. "We targeted this paper at about 400 people in the space agencies and the private sector," Buchs says, conceding that "it is difficult to reach the Chinese and the Russians" and that military leaders are not on the list. "Normally these satellites are supposed to re-enter the atmosphere [and burn up] 25 years after their operating cycle is completed, at the latest. But the rule is not binding and it's often ignored. About 60% of satellites follow the rule, though it should be at least 90%," he says. Small and large fry in orbit Meanwhile, more and more satellites are out there. And for several years states have no longer had a monopoly on access to space. The trend has been for low-orbit satellite constellations. This began at the end of the 20th century with Iridium and Globalstar for satellite telephone communications. But there were barely 100 of these. Following OneWeb, then Starlink (SpaceX) and Kuiper (Amazon), satellites were now in the thousands, supposed to bring fast internet access to the whole world. The operators promised to take all necessary precautions, keeping their spacecraft flying low enough for them to fall out of orbit automatically after a few years, or else fitting them with devices to facilitate their capture by future space pick-up craft. For Buchs, these clouds of small satellites are not really the problem. "Basically, states have created the problem. The newer satellite constellations are most likely to get hit. Those are the little satellites, which weigh barely 150 kilos each. The real problems come from whole rocket stages – above all Russian ones – which may weigh up to nine tonnes each and which were jettisoned between 1980 and 2005," he explains. Getting a grip on the chaos That said, Buchs doesn't believe in apocalyptic scenarios such as the Kessler syndrome, which envisages near space becoming so crowded that further flights would become impossible. "We'll never be able to pick up all the small debris – we'll have to concentrate on the big chunks, which may crash into one another and shatter into thousands more little bits. There are about 2,000 of them in low orbit. If we picked up just three or four of them a year, it would reduce the risk considerably," he says. This is the goal of the ClearSpace project, which started at EPFL and is now under the aegis of the European Space Agency. The Japanese now have a similar project and there will be others. Meanwhile, if anyone thinks it would be enough to declare a moratorium on all new launches into orbit, they forget how much our world depends on satellites. "Just to take one example, 26 of the 55 parameters used for measuring climate change can be calculated only from space," Buchs says. (Translated from French by Terence MacNamee) https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/sci-tech/space-junk--a-swiss-warning-to-the-world-47320912  t  This is Shortwave Radiogram in MFSK64 Please send your reception report to radiogram@verizon.net This week's painting ...  tnecfi/ttc tn  UNESCO's World Radio Day, this year with the theme "Radio and Trust," is February 13. Information at worldradioday.org ...  Bstc t  Sending Pic:199x156C;  tneed 9  The flag of the Sámi people of northern Norway, Sweden, Finland, and northwestern Russia. The Sámi National Day was February 6. https://bit.ly/3gDDWZG ...  tptxeniatwtQtneirtn  Sending Pic:210x156C;  pEl¦hb{net  This polar bear cub is a winner of the 2022 Sony World Photography Awards. https://bit.ly/3uBg5Cl ...  tVr¢  Sending Pic:165x204C;  m   A walk-through kaleidoscope tunnel at a technology conference in Saudi Arabia. https://bit.ly/3LhrEEu ...  t tSpTt  Sending Pic:210x117C;  teihIak  Kristin Skaslien of Team Norway competes during the curling mixed doubles round robin at Beijing's National Aquatics Center ahead of the opening of the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics. https://bit.ly/3JyPUR5 ...  otdueinet  Sending Pic:210x143C;  jtpc  A resident walks past a lantern on display during the fourth day of the Lunar New Year in New Taipei City. https://bit.ly/3oCXRws ...  tï ev S  Sending Pic:184x195C;  tR ttc  P Street NW at night in Washington DC. https://wapo.st/3uBYc6b ...  tR oaiYet  Sending Pic:305x202;  nsc uk>  Sunset at Folly Beach County Park near Chareleston, South Carolina. https://bit.ly/3BepIbu ...  R ֞  Sending Pic:209x112C;  oc o:tn  This week's painting is Die Füchse (Foxes) (1913) by Franz Marc. It is expected to fetch around £35 million ($46.8 million) at a Christie's auction in March. https://bit.ly/364TFz6 ...  r0 Ttn  Sending Pic:158x211C;  ijIb wtR tn  Shortwave Radiogram returns to MFSK32 ...  oc~0±R tK0Ù a ueotonu tTciu ]ac yohlR